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GEOGRAPHY

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The study of places and the interactions between people and their environs is known as geography. Geographers study the surface of the Earth and the various human societies that live there. The ancient Greek scholar Eratosthenes is referred to be the "father of geography." He was the first to use the term "geography," and he also possessed a small-scale understanding of the planet, which enabled him to calculate the earth's diameter. Eratosthenes was a multi-talented individual. As the Greek philosopher and explorer Herodotus showed in the fifth century B.C, knowledge was amassed about such novel and exotic locales. That knowledge came to be known as geography, a term first used in the third century B.C. as the title of Eratosthenes of Cyrene's book Geographica. Table of contents THE BIG BANG THEORY STAR THE SOLAR SYSTEM MEMBERS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM UNIVERSE The universe is commonly defined as the totality of everything that exists,including all physical matt...
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CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES

Characteristic of waves 



   Table of contents







Crest and Trough

Crest: crest is a point on waves that exhibits maximum positive or upward displacement from undisturbed position  is known as crest.

E.g: On diagram accordingly,point A and point C displacement between two point on wave of upward motion part of maximum positive displacement.

Maximum part of flow of wave on upward direction from the center rest line of particle of motion is known as maximum positive displacement.

Point A and C are crest





Trough:Trough is a point on wave that exhibits maximum negative  or downward displacement from undisturbed position  is known as Trough.

E.G: On diagram accordingly,Point B and Point D displacement between two point displacement on wave downward motion part is maximum.

Maximum part of flow of wave on downward  direction from the center rest line of particle of motion is known as maximum negative displacement.

Point B and D are trough.

Note:- These points only available in the transverse waves crest and trough.


Compression and Rarefaction

Compression is a point where the particle of medium is closer to each other.

Or  where the density of mediums of particle is maximum.


Rarefaction  is a point where the particle of medium is farther apart to each other.(mean separate to each other)

Or where the density of particle is minimum.


Difference between transverse wave and Longitudinal wave 

Transverse wave propagation through crest and trough position whereas longitudinal wave are propagation through compression and rarefaction  form.



Wave length

Its known as length of  one complete wave cycle.

Second definition of wavelength,the distance from crest to crest and trough to trough is known as wavelength.

Another definition,Its is the distance from one point of wave to correspondence to point of second wave.

E.g. Point B AND E  distance of point between two waves.

Please see diagram clearly mention points.


                                     


Frequency

Frequency is known as numbers of waves passes through a wave cycle on a  second.

Its s.I unit is hert-ze (hz).

According to diagram see example:

                             


WAVE LENGTH S.I unit is meter(m).


Time period (T)

Time period required to complete the one wave cycle is known as time period of wave.According to example of diagram:

                        


                                                                                                        Time period is the reciprocal of the frequency. 

T=1/F or  F =1/To



Wave speed 

Speed of wave given by 

V =wave

d replace to Lamda
t replace to T

Wave speed = wavelength of frequency / Time interval of wave



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